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In 2016, 88% of people aged 55–64 used the internet recently in the United Kingdom, this decreased slightly to 74% for those aged 65–74 and was 39% for those aged 75+. In terms of access to the internet, there were ~4.5 billion internet users in the world at the end of 2019, with Asia and Europe having the greatest proportion of internet users (50.3% and 15.9%, respectively). These statistics highlight the failure of current generation networks to provide a uniformly fast and reliable service in even some of the more economically developed countries.
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Interestingly, the report also demonstrated that the United States of America (USA) ranked 10th with 18.7 Mbps, the United Kingdom (UK) placed 16th, Australia (AUS) was ranked 50th and China (CHN) ranked 74th with an average speed of just 7.4 Mbps. Literature from 2017 demonstrates South Korea (KOR), Norway (NOR), Sweden (SWE), Hong Kong (HKG) and Switzerland (CHE) had the top five average connection speeds globally. The ADSL is a type of broadband that allows the transferring of data over existing copper telephone lines, 4G is a wireless broadband network, cable employs a combination of fibre optic and coaxial cables for data delivery and fibre optic delivers data via a cluster of fibre optic cables. Presently there are up to five main categories of networks available worldwide: ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line), wireless cellular, cable, fibre optic and less commonly satellite. Overview of the current networks worldwide This review aims to highlight the potential profound impact near instantaneous communication (the 5G network) may have on ophthalmology and the delivery and adoption of next-generation technologies worldwide. If this does not occur, the potential exists for the network itself to be a major barrier to healthcare. In order to reliably develop and successfully implement this new ICT within healthcare, a substantially improved network than what is currently available worldwide is required. If the 5G network delivers as promised, the potential exists for an increased focus on the development of virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), teleophthalmology and telesurgery. Currently, the new 5G network is on the verge of widespread release and promises unparalleled bandwidth, speed, reliability and access. However, due to considerable delays in the widespread implementation of these networks, original expectations have not been met. Fibre-optic networks were promised as the next step in the development of a faster and more reliable network.
5G TECHNOLOGY PDF DOWNLOAD
The widespread roll out of 4G networks has, with each successive generation, provided improved bandwidth and download speeds. One of the major advances in ICT over the last two decades has been the development of broadband cellular networks. The current landscape of ophthalmology and medicine is rapidly transforming as a direct result of exponential advancements in information and communication technology (ICT).